Attribution

As a rule, the conduct of State organs is attributable to the State in question; by contrast, the conduct of non-State actors or third States’ organs can only be attributed to the State under specific circumstances.

State organs and persons and entities in exercise of governmental authority


Non-State actors


Evidentiary standards


Bibliography and further reading

 * MN Schmitt (ed), Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations (CUP 2017)
 * Etc.