René Provost, International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (CUP 2002).
Marco Roscini, Cyber Operations and the Use of Force in International Law (OUP 2014).
Gary D Solis, The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War (CUP 2016).
Nigel White, The Law of International Organizations (Juris 2005).
Noam Zamir, Classification of Conflicts in International Humanitarian Law: The Legal Impact of Foreign Intervention in Civil Wars (Edward Elgar 2017) .
Andrew Clapham, ‘Concept of International Armed Conflict’ in Andrew Clapham, Paola Gaeta, and Marco Sassòli (eds), The 1949 Geneva Conventions: A Commentary (OUP 2015).
Gary P. Corn and Peter P. Pascucci, ‘The Law of Armed Conflict Implications of Covered or Concealed Cyber Operations: Perfidy, Ruses, and the Principle of Passive Distinction’ in Ronald T. P. Alcala and Eric T. Jensen (eds), The Impact of Emerging Technologies on the Law of Armed Conflict (OUP 2019).
Jean D’Aspremont, ‘Persona Non Grata’ in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008).
Oliver Dörr and Albrecht Randelzhofer, ‘Article 2(4)’ in Bruno Simma and others (eds), The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (OUP 2012).
Frederic Dopagne, ‘Sanctions and Countermeasures by International Organizations’ in Richard Collins and Nigel White (eds) International Organizations and the Idea of Autonomy (Routledge 2011).
Robin Geiss and Henning Lahmann, ‘Freedom and Security in Cyberspace: Shifting the Focus Away from Military Responses Towards Non-Forcible Countermeasures and Collective Threat-Prevention’ in Katharina Ziolkowski (ed), Peacetime Regime for State Activities in Cyberspace (NATO CCD COE 2013).
Terry D. Gill, ‘Non-intervention in the Cyber Context’ in Katharina Ziolkowski (ed), Peacetime Regime for State Activities in Cyberspace (NATO CCD COE 2013).
Douglas Guilfoyle, ‘The High Seas’ (2015) in Donald Rothwell, Alex Oude Elfernik, Karen Scott and Tim Stephens (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea (OUP 2015).
Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg, ‘Warships’ in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008, updated October 2015)
Albert J. Hoffmann, ‘Freedom of Navigation’ in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008, updated April 2011).
Jeff Kosseff, ‘Retorsion as a Response to Ongoing Cyber Operations’ in Taťána Jančárková and others (eds), 20/20 Vision: The Next Decade (NATO CCD COE 2020).
Natalie Klein, ‘Maritime Security’ in Donald Rothwell, Alex Oude Elfernik, Karen Scott and Tim Stephens (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea (OUP 2015).
Doris König, ‘Flag of Ships’ in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008, updated April 2009).
Philip Kunig, ‘Prohibition of Intervention’, in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008, updated April 2008).
Franck Latty, ‘Actions and Omissions’ in James Crawford and others (eds), The Law of International Responsibility (OUP 2010).
Nils Melzer, ‘Cyber Operations and jus in bello’ in Kerstin Vignard (ed), Confronting Cyberconflict (UNIDIR 2011).
Georg Nolte and Albrecht Randelzhofer, ‘Article 51’ in Bruno Simma and others (eds), The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (OUP 2012).
Jody Prescott, ‘Direct Participation in Cyber Hostilities: Terms of Reference for Like-Minded States?’ in Christian Czosseck, Rain Ottis and Katharina Ziolkowski (eds), 4th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (NATO CCD COE 2012).
Przemysław Roguski, ‘Collective Countermeasures in Cyberspace: Lex lata, Progressive Development or a Bad Idea?’ in Taťána Jančárková and others (eds), 20/20 Vision: The Next Decade (NATO CCD COE 2020).
Tassilo Singer, ‘Update to Revolving Door 2.0 – the Extension of the Period for Direct Participation in Hostilities Due to Autonomous Cyber Weapons’ in Henry Rõigas and others (eds), 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Defending the Core (NATO CCD COE 2017).
Waldemar A Solf, ‘Article 37: Prohibition of Perfidy’ in Michael Bothe and others (eds), New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts (Brill 1982).
Waldemar A Solf, ‘Article 38: Recognized Emblems’ in Michael Bothe and others (eds), New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts (Brill 1982).
Waldemar A Solf, ‘Article 39: Emblems of Nationality’ in Michael Bothe and others (eds), New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts (Brill 1982).
Yoshifumi Tanaka, ‘Navigational Rights and Freedoms’ in Donald Rothwell, Alex Oude Elfernik, Karen Scott and Tim Stephens (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea (OUP 2015).
Sabine Von Schorlemer, ‘Telecommunications, international regulation’ in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008, updated March 2009)
Silja Vöneky, ‘Analogy in International Law’ in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008).
Sean Watts, ‘The Notion of Combatancy in Cyber Warfare’, in Christian Czosseck, Rain Ottis and Katharina Ziolkowski (eds), 4th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (NATO CCD COE 2012).
Rolf Weber, ‘A Legal Lens into Internet Governance’, in Laura DeNardis and others (eds), Researching Internet Governance: Methods, Frameworks, Futures (MIT Press 2020).
Rüdiger Wolfrum, ‘Obligation of Result Versus Obligation of Conduct: Some Thoughts About the Implementation of International Obligations’ in Mahnoush H Arsanjani and others, Looking to the Future: Essays on International Law in Honor of Michael Reisman (Brill 2010).
Katja Ziegler, ‘Domaine Réservé’, in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008, updated April 2013).
Christian Dominicé, ‘Attribution of Conduct to Multiple States and the Implication of a State in the Act of Another State’ in James Crawford and others (eds), The Law of International Responsibility (OUP 2010).
James Crawford, ‘State Responsibility’ in R Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (OUP 2008).
Robin Geiss, ‘The Obligation to Respect and to Ensure Respect for the Conventions’ in Andrew Clapham, Paola Gaeta and Marco Sassòli (eds), The 1949 Geneva Conventions: A Commentary (OUP 2015).
Jeffrey Biller, ‘The Misuse of Protected Indicators in Cyberspace: Defending a Core Aspect of International Humanitarian Law’ in Henry Rõigas and others (eds), Defending the Core (CCD COE 2017).
Gary P. Corn and Eric T. Jensen, ‘The Use of Force and Cyber Countermeasures’ (2018) 32 Temple International and Comparative Law Journal 127.
Martin Dawidowicz, ‘Third-Party Countermeasures: A Progressive Development of International Law? - QIL QDI’ (2016) 29 Questions of International Law 3.
Ashley Deeks, 'An International Legal Framework for Surveillance' (2015) 55 Virginia J Int'l L 291.
Carlo Focarelli, ‘International Law and Third-Party Countermeasures in the Age of Global Instant Communication’ (2016) 29 Questions of International Law 17.
Patricia Kwast, ‘Maritime Law Enforcement and the Use of Force: Reflections on the Categorisation of Forcible Action at Sea in the Light of the Guyana/Suriname Award’ (2008) 13 Journal of Conflict and Security Law 1.
Noam Neuman, ‘Challenges in the Interpretation and Application of the Principle of Distinction During Ground Operations in Urban Areas’ (2018) 51 VJTL 807.
Dietrich Schindler, ‘The Different Types of Armed Conflicts According to the Geneva Conventions and Protocols’ (1979) 163 RdC 117.
Michael N Schmitt, ‘Computer Network Attack and Use of Force in International Law: Thoughts on a Normative Framework’ (1999) 37 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 885.
Michael N Schmitt, ‘The Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities: A Critical Analysis’ (2010) 1 Harvard National Security Journal 5.
Michael N Schmitt, ‘Below the Threshold Cyber Operations: The Countermeasures Response Option and International Law’ (2014) 54 Virginia Journal of International Law 697.
International treaties, reports and other public documents
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Annex 1C to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (signed on 15 April 1994 in Marrakesh), 1869 UNTS 299
ILC, 'Document A/6309/ Rev.1: Reports of the International Law Commission on the second part of its seventeenth and on its eighteenth session' (UNYBILC II, 1966).
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 999 UNTS 171.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‘Wales Summit Declaration’ (issued by the Head of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Wales, 5 September 2015).
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ‘Warsaw Summit Communiqué’ (issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Warsaw, 9 July 2016).