List of articles

About the project

About the project

Scenarios

Scenario 101

Scenario 102

Scenario 103

Areas of law

General international law and peacetime cyber operations

• Sovereignty
• Due diligence
• Jurisdiction
• State responsibility
  • Internationally wrongful act
    • Breach of international obligation
    • Attribution
    • Circumstances precluding wrongfulness
      • Countermeasures
      • Necessity
• Peacetime cyber espionage
• Non-state actors
• Specialised regimes
  • International human rights law
  • Diplomatic and consular law
  • Law of the sea
  • Air law
  • Space law
  • International telecommunications law
• Prohibition of intervention
  • Prohibition of intervention (conditions)

Cyber law of armed conflict (JAB, JIB)

• Jus ad bellum:
  • Use of force
  • Armed attack
  • Self-defence
• Jus in bello:
  • International armed conflict
  • Non-international armed conflict
  • Criminal responsibility
  • Conduct of hostilities - the subtopics can be developed
  • Certain persons, objects and activities - again
  • Occupation
  • Neutrality

Real-world examples

• Incidents:
  • Estonia (2007)
  • Georgia (2008)
  • Cyber operations in Iraq since 2003
  • Stuxnet (2010)
  • Ababil (2011–13)
  • Shamoon (2012)
  • Heartbleed (2014) (what happens when a widespread vulnerability is disclosed)
  • Sony pictures hack (2014)
  • Sands Casino (2014)
  • Steel mill in Germany (2014)
  • OPM data breach (2015)
  • Bundestag hack (2015)
  • Power grid cyberattack in Ukraine (2015)
  • DNC email leak (2016)
  • Shamoon 2.0 (2016)
  • WannaCry (2017)
  • NotPetya (2017)
  • French elections (2017)
  • (...)
• Actors:
  • APT-28
  • APT-29
  • Unit 61398
  • (...)

Keywords

List of keywords