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__NUMBEREDHEADINGS__ |
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This page serves as the equivalent of a table of contents in a printed book. It contains an updated list of all substantive articles in the Toolkit. |
This page serves as the equivalent of a table of contents in a printed book. It contains an updated list of all substantive articles in the Toolkit. |
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* [[Scenario 24: Internet blockage]] |
* [[Scenario 24: Internet blockage]] |
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* [[Scenario 25: Cyber disruption of humanitarian assistance|Scenario 25: Humanitarian assistance]] |
* [[Scenario 25: Cyber disruption of humanitarian assistance|Scenario 25: Humanitarian assistance]] |
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* [[Scenario 26: Export licensing of intrusion tools|Scenario 26: Export licensing]] |
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* [[Scenario 27: Contesting and redirecting ongoing attacks|Scenario 27: Redirecting attacks]] |
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* [[Scenario 28: Extraterritorial incidental civilian cyber harm|Scenario 28: Incidental harm]] |
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</div> |
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* [[Transboundary harm]] |
* [[Transboundary harm]] |
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* [[Voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behavior]] |
* [[Voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behavior]] |
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* [[Legally binding unilateral declarations of States]] |
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* Cyber operations not ''per se'' regulated by international law |
* Cyber operations not ''per se'' regulated by international law |
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** [[Peacetime cyber espionage]] |
** [[Peacetime cyber espionage]] |
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* [[International telecommunication law]] |
* [[International telecommunication law]] |
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* [[International human rights law]] |
* [[International human rights law]] |
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** [[Right to life]] |
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* [[Individual criminal responsibility under international law|International criminal law]] |
* [[Individual criminal responsibility under international law|International criminal law]] |
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** [[Crime of genocide]] |
** [[Crime of genocide]] |
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** [[Crimes against humanity]] |
** [[Crimes against humanity]] |
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** [[War crimes]] |
** [[War crimes]] |
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* [[International export control law]] |
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=== Use of force, conflict and international law === |
=== Use of force, conflict and international law === |
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*** [[Non-international armed conflict]] |
*** [[Non-international armed conflict]] |
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** [[Conduct of hostilities]] |
** [[Conduct of hostilities]] |
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*** [[Principle of precautions]] |
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<!-- *** The principle of precaution (in FR position)--> |
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*** [[Military objectives]] |
*** [[Military objectives]] |
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**** [[Military_objectives#Qualification_of_data_as_a_military_objective_under_IHL|Data as a military objective]] |
**** [[Military_objectives#Qualification_of_data_as_a_military_objective_under_IHL|Data as a military objective]] |
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*** [[Proportionality]] |
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*** [[Attack (international humanitarian law)|The notion of ‘attack’ under international humanitarian law]] |
*** [[Attack (international humanitarian law)|The notion of ‘attack’ under international humanitarian law]] |
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*** [[Combatancy]] |
*** [[Combatancy]] |
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*** [[Protection of medical units during armed conflict]] |
*** [[Protection of medical units during armed conflict]] |
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*** [[Humanitarian relief operations]] |
*** [[Humanitarian relief operations]] |
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*** [[Objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population]] |
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*** [[Protection of the natural environment in armed conflict]] |
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** Occupation |
** Occupation |
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** [[Neutrality]] |
** [[Neutrality]] |
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== Real-world examples == |
== Real-world examples == |
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* 2023 |
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** [[Cyber operations against NATO’s aid mission in Turkey and Syria (2023)]] |
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** [[ICC data breach (2023)]] |
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* 2022 |
* 2022 |
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** [[Costa Rica ransomware attack (2022)]] |
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** [[Homeland Justice operations against Albania (2022)]] |
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** [[Kazakhstan internet blockage (2022)]] |
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** [[Predatory Sparrow operation against Iranian steel maker (2022)]] |
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** [[Viasat KA-SAT attack (2022)]] |
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** [[HermeticWiper malware attack (2022)]] |
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** [[Cyber operations against government systems in Ukraine (January 2022)]] |
** [[Cyber operations against government systems in Ukraine (January 2022)]] |
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* 2021 |
* 2021 |
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** [[Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack (2021)]] |
** [[Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack (2021)]] |
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** [[UN data breach (2021)]] |
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** [[Waikato Hospitals ransomware attack (2021)]] |
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** [[Ireland’s Health Service Executive ransomware attack (2021)]] |
** [[Ireland’s Health Service Executive ransomware attack (2021)]] |
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** [[Kaseya VSA ransomware attack (2021)]] |
** [[Kaseya VSA ransomware attack (2021)]] |
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** Ghostwriter--> |
** Ghostwriter--> |
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* 2020 |
* 2020 |
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** [[German hospital ransomware attack (2020)]] |
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** [[African Union headquarters hack (2020)]] |
** [[African Union headquarters hack (2020)]] |
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** [[Brno University Hospital ransomware attack (2020)]] |
** [[Brno University Hospital ransomware attack (2020)]] |
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** [[SolarWinds (2020)]] |
** [[SolarWinds (2020)]] |
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** [[Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine data modification and leak (2020)]] |
** [[Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine data modification and leak (2020)]] |
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** [[Israel’s water facilities attack (2020)]] |
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** [[APT32 attacks on Chinese government (2020)]] |
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* 2019 |
* 2019 |
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** [[Cyber interference against vessels in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (2019)]] |
** [[Cyber interference against vessels in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (2019)]] |
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** [[Wu Yingzhuo, Dong Hao and Xia Lei indictment (2017)]] |
** [[Wu Yingzhuo, Dong Hao and Xia Lei indictment (2017)]] |
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* 2016 |
* 2016 |
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** [[Surveillance of Civil Society Groups/Ahmed Mansoor (2016)]] |
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** [[DNC email leak (2016)]] |
** [[DNC email leak (2016)]] |
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** [[Industroyer – Crash Override (2016)]] |
** [[Industroyer – Crash Override (2016)]] |
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** [[The Hacking Team Hack (2015)]] |
** [[The Hacking Team Hack (2015)]] |
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* 2014 |
* 2014 |
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** [[Alleged hacking of Patriot missiles (2014-2015)]] |
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** [[Chinese PLA Unit 61398 indictments (2014)]] |
** [[Chinese PLA Unit 61398 indictments (2014)]] |
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** [[Sony Pictures Entertainment attack (2014)]] |
** [[Sony Pictures Entertainment attack (2014)]] |
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** [[Steel mill in Germany (2014)]] |
** [[Steel mill in Germany (2014)]] |
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** [[Ukrainian parliamentary election interference (2014)]] |
** [[Ukrainian parliamentary election interference (2014)]] |
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** [[Use of malware to track and target Ukrainian artillery units (2014-2016)]] |
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* 2012 |
* 2012 |
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** [[Shamoon (2012)]] |
** [[Shamoon (2012)]] |
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==National positions== |
==National positions== |
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<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3"> |
<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3"> |
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* [[Common position of the African Union (2024)|African Union (2024)]] |
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* [[National position of Australia (2020)|Australia (2020)]] |
* [[National position of Australia (2020)|Australia (2020)]] |
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* [[National position of Brazil (2021)|Brazil (2021)]] |
* [[National position of Brazil (2021)|Brazil (2021)]] |
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* [[National position of Canada (2022)|Canada (2022)]] |
* [[National position of Canada (2022)|Canada (2022)]] |
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* [[National position of the People's Republic of China (2021)|China (2021)]] |
* [[National position of the People's Republic of China (2021)|China (2021)]] |
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* [[National position of |
* [[National position of Costa Rica (2023)|Costa Rica (2023)]] |
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* Czech Republic ([[National position of the Czech Republic (2020)|2020]] and [[National position of the Czech Republic (2024)|2024]]) |
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* [[National position of Denmark (2023)|Denmark (2023)]] |
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* Estonia ([[National position of Estonia (2019)|2019]] and [[National position of Estonia (2021)|2021]]) |
* Estonia ([[National position of Estonia (2019)|2019]] and [[National position of Estonia (2021)|2021]]) |
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* [[National position of Finland (2020)|Finland (2020)]] |
* [[National position of Finland (2020)|Finland (2020)]] |
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* [[National position of Germany (2021)|Germany (2021)]] |
* [[National position of Germany (2021)|Germany (2021)]] |
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* [[National position of Iran (2020)|Iran (2020)]] |
* [[National position of Iran (2020)|Iran (2020)]] |
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* [[National position of Ireland (2023)|Ireland (2023)]] |
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* [[National position of Israel (2020)|Israel (2020)]] |
* [[National position of Israel (2020)|Israel (2020)]] |
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* [[National position of the Italian Republic (2021)|Italy (2021)]] |
* [[National position of the Italian Republic (2021)|Italy (2021)]] |
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* [[National position of New Zealand (2020)|New Zealand (2020)]] |
* [[National position of New Zealand (2020)|New Zealand (2020)]] |
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* [[National position of Norway (2021)|Norway (2021)]] |
* [[National position of Norway (2021)|Norway (2021)]] |
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* [[National position of Pakistan (2023)|Pakistan (2023)]] |
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* [[National position of the Republic of Poland (2022)|Poland (2022)]] |
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* [[National position of Romania (2021)|Romania (2021)]] |
* [[National position of Romania (2021)|Romania (2021)]] |
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* [[National position of the Russian Federation (2021)|Russia (2021)]] |
* [[National position of the Russian Federation (2021)|Russia (2021)]] |
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* [[National position of Singapore (2021)|Singapore (2021)]] |
* [[National position of Singapore (2021)|Singapore (2021)]] |
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* [[National position of the Kingdom of Sweden (2022)|Sweden (2022)]] |
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* [[National position of Switzerland (2021)|Switzerland (2021)]] |
* [[National position of Switzerland (2021)|Switzerland (2021)]] |
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* United Kingdom ([[National position of the United Kingdom (2018)|2018]] |
* United Kingdom ([[National position of the United Kingdom (2018)|2018]], [[National position of the United Kingdom (2021)|2021]] and [[National position of the United Kingdom (2022)|2022]]) |
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* United States ([[National position of the United States of America (2012)|2012]], [[National position of the United States of America (2016)|2016]], [[National position of the United States of America (2020)|2020]] and [[National position of the United States of America (2021)|2021]]) |
* United States ([[National position of the United States of America (2012)|2012]], [[National position of the United States of America (2016)|2016]], [[National position of the United States of America (2020)|2020]] and [[National position of the United States of America (2021)|2021]]) |
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</div> |
</div> |
Revision as of 11:55, 3 April 2024
This page serves as the equivalent of a table of contents in a printed book. It contains an updated list of all substantive articles in the Toolkit.
About the project
Scenarios
- Scenario 01: Election interference
- Scenario 02: Political espionage
- Scenario 03: Power grid
- Scenario 04: International organizations
- Scenario 05: Criminal investigation
- Scenario 06: Enabling State
- Scenario 07: Hacking tools
- Scenario 08: Certificate authority
- Scenario 09: Economic espionage
- Scenario 10: Cyber weapons
- Scenario 11: Surveillance tools
- Scenario 12: Computer data
- Scenario 13: Armed conflict
- Scenario 14: Ransomware campaign
- Scenario 15: Cyber deception
- Scenario 16: High seas
- Scenario 17: Collective responses
- Scenario 18: Cyber operators
- Scenario 19: Hate speech
- Scenario 20: Medical facilities
- Scenario 21: Misattribution
- Scenario 22: Methods of warfare
- Scenario 23: Vaccine research
- Scenario 24: Internet blockage
- Scenario 25: Humanitarian assistance
- Scenario 26: Export licensing
- Scenario 27: Redirecting attacks
- Scenario 28: Incidental harm
Legal concepts
General international law
- Applicability of international law
- Jurisdiction
- State responsibility
- Attribution
- Breach of an international obligation
- Responses and justifications
- Circumstances precluding wrongfulness
- Consent
- Self-defence (state responsibility)
- Countermeasures
- Force majeure
- Distress
- Plea of necessity
- Retorsion
- Circumstances precluding wrongfulness
- Due diligence
- Sovereignty
- Prohibition of intervention
- Prohibition of genocide
- Transboundary harm
- Voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behavior
- Legally binding unilateral declarations of States
- Cyber operations not per se regulated by international law
Specialised regimes of peacetime international law
- Diplomatic and consular law
- Law of the sea
- Air law
- Space law
- International telecommunication law
- International human rights law
- International criminal law
- International export control law
Use of force, conflict and international law
- Peaceful settlement of disputes
- International law on the use of force (jus ad bellum)
- International humanitarian law (jus in bello)
- Conflict qualification
- Conduct of hostilities
- Specially protected persons, objects, and activities
- Occupation
- Neutrality
Real-world examples
- 2023
- 2022
- Costa Rica ransomware attack (2022)
- Homeland Justice operations against Albania (2022)
- Kazakhstan internet blockage (2022)
- Predatory Sparrow operation against Iranian steel maker (2022)
- Viasat KA-SAT attack (2022)
- HermeticWiper malware attack (2022)
- Cyber operations against government systems in Ukraine (January 2022)
- 2021
- 2020
- German hospital ransomware attack (2020)
- African Union headquarters hack (2020)
- Brno University Hospital ransomware attack (2020)
- Google shutting down an active counterterrorism operation (2020)
- SolarWinds (2020)
- Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine data modification and leak (2020)
- Israel’s water facilities attack (2020)
- APT32 attacks on Chinese government (2020)
- 2019
- Cyber interference against vessels in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (2019)
- Iranian internet blackout (2019)
- Israeli attack against Hamas cyber headquarters in Gaza (2019)
- Russia's sovereign internet (2019 onward)
- Springhill Medical Center ransomware attack (2019)
- Texas Municipality ransomware attack (2019)
- 2018
- 2017
- 2016
- 2015
- 2014
- 2012
- 2011
- 2010
- 2008
- 2007
National positions
- African Union (2024)
- Australia (2020)
- Brazil (2021)
- Canada (2022)
- China (2021)
- Costa Rica (2023)
- Czech Republic (2020 and 2024)
- Denmark (2023)
- Estonia (2019 and 2021)
- Finland (2020)
- France (2019)
- Germany (2021)
- Iran (2020)
- Ireland (2023)
- Israel (2020)
- Italy (2021)
- Japan (2021)
- Kazakhstan (2021)
- Kenya (2021)
- Netherlands (2019)
- New Zealand (2020)
- Norway (2021)
- Pakistan (2023)
- Poland (2022)
- Romania (2021)
- Russia (2021)
- Singapore (2021)
- Sweden (2022)
- Switzerland (2021)
- United Kingdom (2018, 2021 and 2022)
- United States (2012, 2016, 2020 and 2021)
Keywords
2007 2008 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Advanced persistent threat Applicability of international law Article 36 Attack (international humanitarian law) Attacks against persons Attribution Breach of an international obligation Causation Combatancy Computer data Conduct of hostilities Countermeasures Crime of genocide Crimes against humanity Critical infrastructure Cyber weapons Cybercrime DDoS Deception Defacement Diplomatic and consular law Direct participation in hostilities Distinction Due diligence Economic cyber espionage Effective control Election interference Evidence Example Flag State jurisdiction Freedom of navigation Hospitals Humanitarian assistance Hybrid threats Indiscriminate attack Individual criminal responsibility under international law Industrial control system International armed conflict International cooperation International export control law International human rights law International humanitarian law International organization International sanctions International telecommunication law Internationalization Internet access Inviolability Law of the sea Legal concepts Legal personality Legal review of cyber weapons Legally binding unilateral declarations of States Malware Maritime law enforcement Means and methods of cyber warfare Medical units Methods and means of warfare Military objectives Misattribution Mistake of fact Misuse of established indicators National position Neutrality Non-State actors Non-international armed conflict Object Objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population Overall control Pages transcluding nonexistent sections Peaceful settlement of disputes Peacetime cyber espionage Perfidy and ruses of war Persona non grata Plea of necessity Premises of the mission Principle of precautions Prohibition of genocide Prohibition of intervention Proportionality Ransomware Retorsion Right to life Scenario Self-defence Sovereign immunity Sovereignty Specially protected persons, objects and activities State organs State responsibility Stuxnet Supply chain Surveillance Targeted restrictive measures Targeting Threats Transboundary harm Use of force Voluntary norms War crimes Weapons review